Biography:

Victor Lage de Araujo is a Brazilian Physician and a Clinical Pathologist Graduate. His specialties are clinical chemistry, hemotherapy, hospital-associated infection control. He is a Member of the Brazilian Society for Clinical Pathology and International. He is a Fellow of the College of American Pathologists. He works as Clinical Pathologist and Infection Control Professional at the Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Brazil.

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Biography:

Yohannes Negesse is a Pathologist trained in France and USA. He has worked more than 20 years in Ethiopia in different institutions. He is presently working in the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Guadeloupe, France. He has published more than 20 papers in the field of infectious diseases pathology

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Biography:

Grigorios Leon is the President of Hellenic Society of Forensic Medicine and is a Representative (Deputy) of Greece in the European Council of Legal Medicine. He is on the lists of experts in the County Courts of Law (Athens, Piraeus, etc.). He is a Graduate (MD) of the Medical School of the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, where he obtained two Master degrees (MSc). In 2009, he received his PhD from the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. His research interests are in the areas of forensic pathology, medical deontology and bioethics.

Abstract:

Clinical trials are scientific evaluations of medical interventions for the treatment of somatic or psychological conditions that provide an analysis of the quality, safety and efficacy of particular products or a method of evaluating two products for their comparative value. Clinical trials can be randomized and non-randomized. A randomized clinical trial comprises two (or possibly more) experimental or treatment groups in which trial subjects are randomly assigned into different groups to ensure internal validity. If there are two groups, one group receives the product being studied and the other group receives the standard therapy/product or a placebo. There are four cases in which a placebo control design, when scientifically appropriate, is also considered ethically acceptable. First, placebo control trials are acceptable when there is no proven effective intervention for the condition under study or when placebo is compared against an investigational treatment added on to established treatment. Second, placebo is acceptable when withholding an established, effective intervention would expose subjects to at most, temporary discomfort or delay in relief of symptoms, as noted in the Council of International Organizations of Medical Sciences’. A third justification is sometimes invoked to justify placebo controls in trials of new treatments for conditions whose response to both established treatments and placebo is highly variable. Finally, compelling methodological reasons for use of placebo and participants are not deprived of interventions they would otherwise receive and research intended to develop interventions that will benefit the host population. Invoking the principle of clinical equipoise, opponents of placebo-controlled trials in the face of proven effective treatment argue that they (1) violate the therapeutic obligation of physicians to offer optimal medical care and (2) lack both scientific and clinical merit. As a conclusion placebo controls are ethically justifiable when they are supported by sound methodological considerations and their use does not expose research participants to excessive risks of harm.

Biography:

Marko Björn has completed his Master of Nursing Science from University of Eastern Finland and he is currently pursuing his PhD studies in University of Eastern Finland. He is a Lecturer in Turku University of Applied Sciences, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences.

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Molecular biology is more used method in clinical laboratory diagnostic. It is also used method in pathology. There are still people using principal methods in histology, but molecular biology methods have rapidly developing field within pathology. The molecular method is focused in diagnostic but also therapeutic response of human disease, the interest in oncology field. In the past year’s pathologist have been interested in morphology, but now they are interested to make decisions on treatment rapidly and monitoring of response to treatment is coming a major role. Molecular pathology methods like FISH (Fluorescent in situ Hybridization), CISH (Chromogenic in situ Hybridization), NGS (Next Generation Sequencing), RT-PCR are using clinical pathology. RNA based methods are also used in pathology. The use indication for the fusion gene is most commonly the lung adenocarcinoma, driver mutations. For example, ALK-1 and ROS-1 translocation carcinoma are found to be highly potent drugs. The importance of guiding the study is high in those few patients who have a genetic change sensitive to drug treatment. In Helsinki University hospital they currently conduct these fusion panel studies on a weekly basis. Molecular pathology and predictive medicine are two rapidly developing field within pathology and they probably will change the classic role of pathologists and laboratory scientists.

Biography:

Abstract:

A practical hands-on approach to the use of MRI techniques is provided to promote further fetal pathological conditions and methods of prenatal MRI diagnosis. The implications of fetal MRI is based on medico-legal and ethical view points has significantly considered. MRI of fetus will be done in the second and third trimester of pregnancy since fetus in the first trimester and intravenous contrast study is not applicable for the fetal MRI. Gestational age is estimated on the basis of the time of the last menstrual period. Placenta previa, placenta accreta, placenta hemorrhagia or hematoma. Oligoamnius or hydroaminius are detected in standard study of fetal MRI as well as the detection of congenital deformity and delay of growth (IUGR ) which named equele to disease is the main and unique approach through the surveillance: CNS (brain and spine), abdominal and pelvic, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular. Sequences are based on (Fiesta, SPARE -SS-TSE T2 , FSE T2 , DWI and T1 FLAIR ). It is advised for the metabolic disorder, MR spectroscopy is indicated as brain study in MRI in the following relevant cases: Hydrocephalus-Agenesis of corpus callousum, atrophy, hypoxemia, cyst, tumor, chiari malformation-Dandy walker cyst, leukoencephalopathy, tumor (meduloblastoma, papilloma, glioma, ependymoma), colloid cyst, germionoma, dermoid, epidermoid, lissencephaly, schisencephaly, holoporozencephaly. Of 137 women, 100 (60%-70%) were diagnosed with rare cerebral diseases. History of congenital genetically disorders in familial marriages, presents approved findings of brain lesions in USG or sonography screening study. 

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Massoud Houshmand has completed his Ph.D. in Medical Molecular Genetic from Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. He is the Head of the Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty Member of National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Responsible Director of Personalized Medicine journal. He has organized about 22 workshops and seminars and has published more than 220 papers and 17 books. He is the Winner of Best Iranian Researcher in Medical Genetic 2010, Winner of ISESCO prizes in Science & Technology 2014 and winner of Best Iranian Researcher 2015

Abstract:

Monogenic disorders (monogenic traits) are disorders caused by variation in a single gene and are typically recognized by their striking familial inheritance patterns. Examples include sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, Huntington disease, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. By contrast, complex disorders (complex traits) are those in which multiple genes play a role, often together with environmental factors. These include many complex disorders such as cardiovascular disease, asthma, diabetes, and cancer susceptibility. Alleles are typically expressed by one letter. The capital form of the letter represents the dominant allele, while the lowercase version of the letter represents the recessive allele. Children get one allele for a trait from their father and the other allele for a trait from their mother. These two alleles come together to decide what the actual phenotype of a trait is going to be. A phenotype is the physical representation of a trait, such as brown hair, blue eyes, or freckles. If a child receives either one or two dominant alleles, they will show the dominant phenotype. If a child receives two recessive alleles, they will show the recessive phenotype. Non-Mendelian inheritance is any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate in accordance with Mendel's laws. These laws describe the inheritance of traits linked to single genes on chromosomes in the nucleus. In Mendelian inheritance, each parent contributes one of two possible alleles for a trait. If the genotypes of both parents in a genetic cross are known, Mendel’s laws can be used to determine the distribution of phenotypes expected for the population of offspring. There are several situations in which the proportions of phenotypes observed in the progeny do not match the predicted values. Non-Mendelian inheritance plays a role in several disease processes. Here we will learn about the different type of inheritance and how we can detected.